The awful gloom of a Norman dungeon, the majestic power of a great keep, the sweep of battlements — castles have the power to fascinate and to exercise our imagination of history in a way few buildings can. Europe is rich in the ruins of castles, from small towerhouses to massive structures the size of a small city, but across the world are further wonderful examples of man’s ingenuity to build fortifications for protection or conquest. Castles and Fortifications From Around the World takes the reader on a global trip through history and examines why and how castles were built in different regions, how they were used, and, in many cases, how they were destroyed in warfare.
It demonstrates how regional diversity is found in the use of styles of defence and decoration. Each country featured is divided into sections, each of which deals with a type of castle. Maps locate the featured castles for both the armchair historian and the active traveller; colour photography, plans and reconstructions illustrate their diversity.
Castles and Fortifications from Around the World serves as a colourful and informative launchpad for further exploration of the enthralling world of castles. Through the use of evocative photographs, reconstructions, floor plans and locating maps, this encyclopedic guide brings the past to life and is a must for every ruin-hunter.
About the author
Chris Gravett is a former Chief Curator at the Royal Armouries, Tower of London, and a recognised authority on the arms, armour and warfare of the medieval world. He has worked as an advisor for numerous TV and film productions, and has written and co-authored more than 30 books over the past 11 years that cover a variety of topics from this period. He currently works as a curator at Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: EARLY FORTIFICATIONS
- Ancient Walls
- Chapter 2: FRANCE
- The First Castles
- Materials and Design
- The Donjon, Stone Tower or Keep
- Curtain Walls and Mural Towers
- Castles With Style
- French Palaces
- Raising the Walls
- Artillery Comes of Age
- Chapter 3: ENGLAND
- The Castles Comes to England
- Earthwork Castles
- Hall Keeps and Tower Keeps
- The Curtain Wall
- The Concentric Castle
- The Lord’s Residence
- Tower Houses
- Chapter 4: WALES
- Welsh and English Castles
- Castles of the Invaders
- Castles of Edward I
- The Great Concentric Castles
- Chapter 5: SCOTLAND
- The Influence of Outsiders
- Castles of the English and Scots
- Castles on Crags
- Tower Houses
- Chapter 6: IRELAND
- Holding Ireland
- Earthworks and Stone Towers
- Irish Enceintes and Tower Houses
- Chapter 7: GERMANY
- The 10,000 German Castles
- Bergfried Castles
- Palace Castles
- Castles on the Rhine
- Divided Castles
- Regular Designs
- Chapter 8: THE LOW COUNTRIES
- In The Wake of Charlemagne
- Belgium and Luxemburg
- The Netherlands
- Chapter 9: AUSTRIA
- Austria: Bulwark of Christendom
- Great Towers
- Hill and Mountain Castles
- Bulwark Against the East
- Chapter 10: SWITZERLAND
- Swiss Mountain and Water Castles
- Early Towers
- Hill and Mountain Castles
- Wasserburgen
- Chapter 11: THE IBERIAN PENINSULA
- Spain Under the Moors
- The Alcazaba
- Great Towers
- Gran Buque Castle
- Castles in Castile
- Castle Palaces
- Towers and Citadels of Portugal
- Castles of Several Cultures
- Castles Against Castile
- Chapter 12: ITALY
- Studied Italian Design
- Castles of Frederick II
- Castles of Several Cultures
- Urban Castles and Towers
- Later Castles
- Chapter 13: SCANDINAVIA
- The Basic Scandinavian Castles
- Norway and Sweden
- Castles in Denmark
- Chapter 14: EASTERN EUROPE AND RUSSIA
- Invading Eastern Europ
- Early Czech Castles
- Later Czech Castles
- Castles in Poland
- Hungary, Romania, and Slovenia
- Fortifying the Russian Frontiers
- Teutonic Knights and their Enemies
- Chapter 15: THE MIDDLE EAST
- Religious Battles in the Middle East
- Crusader Donjons
- Natural Sites
- Castles of the Knights Hospitalers
- 13th-Century Military Orders’ Castles
- Later Middle Eastern Defences
- Chapter 16: OTHER FORTIFICATIONS
- Fortifications of the Muslims
- Fortifications in India
- Fortifications in China
- Fortifications in Japan
- Fortifications in Central and South America
- Chapter 17: SIEGE WARFARE
- The Role of the Castle
- Taking a Castle
- Chapter 18: FORTRESSES
- Refortifying the Castle
- Round Forts and Star Forts
- Fortresses in the 17th and 18th Centuries
- The Changing Face of Siege Warfare
- Romantic Ruins and 19th-Century Forts
- Forts in the USA
- Blockhouses and Bunkers
- Castles Today
- Glossary
- Index